World geography-Asia

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Asia consists of 50 countries with a total land area of 45 million km² (17 million square miles), representing 30% of the Earth’s habitable surface. Asia’s coastlines have a combined length of 220,266 km (136,896 miles). There are 4.69 billion people living in Asia — that’s 59.5% of the world’s population — and they account for around 38% of global economic output.

77% of Russia is also part of Asia. Since most of the inhabitants (85%) live in the European part of the country, Russia is listed in our overview of Europe. The border between Europe and Asia runs approximately along the Urals, located east of Moscow.

Turkey, on the other hand, is associated with the Near East. 88% of the population, 97% of the country’s territory and the capital Ankara are located on the Asian continent.

Western Asia

Armenia

Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Armenia
Local name: Հայաստան Hajastan
Region:Western Asia
Area: 29,740 km²
Capital: Yerevan

Azerbaijan

Presidential republic
Independent since 1991

Official: Republic of Azerbaijan

Local name: Azərbaycan

Region: Western Asia

Area: 86,600 km²

Capital: Baku

Bahrain

Constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1971

Official: Kingdom of Bahrain

Local name: البحرين al-Bahrain

Region: Western Asia

Area: 778 km²

Capital: Manama

Cyprus

Presidential democracy
Independent since 1960

Official: Republic of Cyprus

Local name: Κύπρος / Kypros / Kıbrıs

Region: Western Asia

Area: 9,250 km²

Capital: Nicosia

Georgia

Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Local name: საქართველო / Sakartwelo
Region: Western Asia
Area: 69,700 km²
Capital:Tbilisi

Iraq

Federal parliamentary republic
Independent since 1932

Official: Republic of Iraq

Local name: جمهورية العراق / Al-´Iraq

Region: Western Asia

Area: 435,052 km²

Capital: Baghdad

Jordan

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1946
Official: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Local name: الأُرْدُنّ / Al-Urdunn
Region: Western Asia
Area: 89,320 km²
Capital: Amman

Kuwait

Constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1961
Official:State of Kuwait
Local name: Al-Kuwayt
Region: Western Asia
Area: 17,820 km²
Capital: Kuwait City

Lebanon

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1941
Official: Republic of Lebanon
Local name: Lubnan
Region: Western Asia
Area: 10,450 km²
Capital: Beirut

Oman

Absolute monarchy
Independent since 1951
Official: Sultanate of Oman
Local name: ´Uman
Region: Western Asia
Area: 309,500 km²
Capital: Muscat

Palestine

Autonomous region
Official: State of Palestine
Local name: Filastin
Region: Western Asia
Area: 6,020 km²
Capital: Ramallah

Qatar

Absolute monarchy
Independent since 1971
Official: State of Qatar
Local name: قطر / Qatar
Region: Western Asia
Area: 11,610 km²
Capital: Doha

Saudi Arabia

Absolute monarchy
Independent since 1932
Official: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Local name: المملكة العربية السعودية / Al-´Arabiya as-Sa´
Region: Western Asia
Area: 2,149,690 km²
Capital: Riyadh

Syria

Presidential republic
Independent since 1941
Official: Syrian Arab Republic
Local name: Sūriyya / Suriya / الجمهورية العربية السورية
Region: Western Asia
Area: 185,180 km²
Capital: Damascus

Turkey

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1923
Official: Republic of Turkey
Local name: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
Region: Western Asia
Area: 785,350 km²
Capital: Ankara

United Arab Emirates

Federation of autonomous monarchies
Independent since 1971
Local name: الإمارات العربية المتحدة / Al-Imarat al-´Arab
Region: Western Asia
Area: 83,600 km²
Capital: Abu Dhabi

Yemen

Republic
Independent since 1918
Official: Republic of Yemen
Local name: الجمهورية اليمنية / Al-Yaman
Region: Western Asia
Area: 527,970 km²
Capital: Sanaa

Central Asia

Kazakhstan

Presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Kazakhstan
Local name: Қазақстан / Qazaqstan
Region: Central Asia
Area: 2,724,902 km²
Capital: Nursultan

Kyrgyzstan

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Kyrgyz Republic
Local name: Кыргызстан / Kyrgyzstan
Region: Central Asia
Area: 199,950 km²
Capital: Bishkek

Tajikistan

Presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Tajikistan
Local name: Toçikiston / Тоҷикистон
Region: Central Asia
Area: 141,380 km²
Capital: Dushanbe

Turkmenistan

Presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Local name: Türkmenostan
Region: Central Asia
Area: 488,100 km²
Capital: Ashgabat

Uzbekistan

Presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Uzbekistan
Local name: Oʻzbekiston
Region: Central Asia
Area: 447,400 km²
Capital: Tashkent

South Asia

Afghanistan

Presidential islamic republic
Independent since 1919
Official: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Local name: افغانستان Afghānestān
Region: South Asia
Area: 652,860 km²
Capital: Kabul

Bangladesh

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1971
Official: People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Local name: বাংলাদেশ Bāṃlādeś
Region: South Asia
Area: 147,630 km²
Capital: Dhaka

Bhutan

Constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1910
Official: Kingdom of Bhutan
Local name: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ Dzongkha
Region: South Asia
Area: 38,394 km²
Capital: Thimphu

India

Federal parliamentary republic
Independent since 1947
Official: Republic of India
Local name: Bharat / भारत गणराज्य
Region: South Asia
Area: 3,287,259 km²
Capital: New Delhi

Iran

Islamic Republic
Independent since 1906
Official: Islamic Republic of Iran
Local name: ايران / Īrān
Region: South Asia
Area: 1,745,150 km²
Capital: Tehran

Maldives

Presidential republic
Independent since 1965
Official: Republic of Maldives
Local name: Dhivehi Raajje/Maldives
Region: South Asia
Area: 300 km²
Capital: Malé

Nepal

Federal parliamentary republic
Independent since 1769
Official: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Local name: Nepal
Region: South Asia
Area: 147,180 km²
Capital: Kathmandu

Pakistan

Federal parliamentary republic
Independent since 1947
Official: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Local name: Pakistan
Region: South Asia
Area: 796,100 km²
Capital: Islamabad

Sri Lanka

Presidential republic
Independent since 1948
Official: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Local name: ශ්‍රී ලංකා / இலங்கை
Region: South Asia
Area: 65,610 km²
Capital: Colombo

Southeast Asia

Brunei

Absolute monarchy/sultanate
Independent since 1984
Official: Negara Brunei Darussalam
Local name: نݢارا بروني دار السلام
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 5,770 km²
Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan

Cambodia

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1953
Official: Kingdom of Cambodia
Local name: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា / Preăh Réachéanachâk K
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 181,040 km²
Capital: Phnom Penh

East Timor

Semi-presidential republic
Official: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
Local name: Timor Timur
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 14,870 km²
Capital: Dili

Indonesia

Presidential republic
Independent since 1945
Official: Republic of Indonesia
Local name: Indonesia
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 1,913,580 km²
Capital: Jakarta

Laos

Republic (communist one-party system)
Independent since 1953
Official: Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Local name: Lao
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 236,800 km²
Capital: Vientiane

Malaysia

Federal constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1957
Local name: Malaysia
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 330,345 km²
Capital: Kuala Lumpur

Myanmar

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1948

Official: Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Local name: Myanma Pye

Region: Southeast Asia

Area: 676,590 km²

Capital: Nay Pyi Taw

Philippines

Presidential republic
Independent since 1946
Official:Republic of the Philippines
Local name: Pilipinas
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 300,000 km²
Capital: Manila

Singapore

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1965
Official: Republic of Singapore
Local name: Singapore / Singapura / 新加坡共和国 / சிங்கப்பூர்
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 719 km²

Thailand

Constitutional monarchy (interim military-government since May 2014)
Independent since 1350
Official: Kingdom of Thailand
Local name: Prathet Thai / ประเทศไทย
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 513,120 km²
Capital: Bangkok

Vietnam

Republic (communist one-party system)
Independent since 1945
Official: Socialist Republic of Viet Nam
Local name: Viêt Nam
Region: Southeast Asia
Area: 331,230 km²
Capital: Hanoi

East Asia

China

People’s republic (communist one-party system)
Independent since 1523 b.c.
Official: People’s Republic of China
Local name:中國 / 中国 / Zhōngguó
Region: East Asia
Area: 9,562,910 km²
Capital: Beijing

Hong Kong

Presidential limited democracy (special administrative region of China)
Local name: 香港 / Xiānggǎng
Region: East Asia
Area: 1,110 km²
Capital: Hong Kong

Japan

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 660 b.c.
Local name: 日本国
Region: East Asia
Area: 377,970 km²
Capital: Tokyo

Macao

Presidential limited democracy (special administrative region of China)
Local name: Macau, Aomen
Region: East Asia
Area: 30 km²
Capital: Concelho de Macau

Mongolia

Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1921
Local name: Mongol Uls
Region: East Asia
Area: 1,564,120 km²
Capital: Ulaanbaatar

North Korea

People’s republic (communist one-party system)
Independent since 1948
Official: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Local name: Choson Minjujuui In´min Konghwaguk (Bukhan)
Region: East Asia
Area: 120,540 km²
Capital: Pyongyang

South Korea

Presidential republic
Independent since 1948
Official: Republic of Korea
Local name: 대한민국 / 大韓民國
Region: East Asia
Area: 100,339 km²
Capital: Seoul

Taiwan

Semi-presidential republic
Official: Republic of China
Local name: 中華民國 / T’ai-wan
Region: East Asia
Area: 35,980 km²
Capital: Taipei