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Europe consists of 52 countries with a total land area of ten million km² (four million square miles), representing 6.6% of the Earth’s habitable surface. Europe’s coastlines have a combined length of 112,483 km (69,909 miles). There are 733.57 million people living in Europe — that’s 9.3% of the world’s population — and they account for around 25% of global economic output.
Russia is also considered a European country here. Although only 23% of Russia’s territory is in Europe, 85% of all inhabitants live in European territory. Furthermore, Moscow is located west of the Ural Mountains, which form the border between Europe and Asia.
The European part of Turkey, on the other hand, is only inhabited by 12% of the country’s population and accounts for just 3% of the total area. The capital is geographically not in Europe, which is why Turkey is assigned to Western Asia.
Constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1867
Official: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Local name: Luxembourg/Lëtzebuerg
Region: Western Europe
Area: 2,590 km²
Capital: Luxembourg
Constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1861
Local name: Monaco
Region: Western Europe
Area: 2.0 km²
Federal republic
Independent since 1499
Official: Swiss Confederation
Local name: Schweiz / Suisse / Svizzera / Svizra
Region: Western Europe
Area: 41,290 km²
Federal city: Bern
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1918
Local name: Magyarország
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 93,030 km²
Capital: Budapest
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1918
Official: Republic of Poland
Local name: Polska
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 312,680 km²
Capital: Warsaw
Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Local name: Ukrajina / Україна
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 603,550 km²
Capital: Kyiv
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Estonia
Local name: Eesti
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 45,340 km²
Capital: Tallinn
Parliamentary democracy (territory of the Kingdom of Denmark)
Local name: Føroyar / Færøerne
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 1,396 km²
Capital: Tórshavn
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1917
Official: Republic of Finland
Local name: Suomi
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 338,450 km²
Capital: Helsinki
Parliamentary democracy (autonomous Crown dependency of the UK)
Official:Bailiwick of Guernsey
Local name: Bailiwick of Guernsey
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 78 km²
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1921
Local name: Éire / Airlann
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 70,280 km²
Capital: Dublin
Parliamentary democracy (autonomous Crown dependency of the UK)
Local name: Isle of Man / Mannin / Ellan Vannin
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 572 km²
Capital: Douglas
Parliamentary democracy (autonomous Crown dependency of the UK)
Official: Bailiwick of Jersey
Local name: Bailiwick of Jersey
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 120 km²
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Latvia
Local name: Latvija
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 64,490 km²
Capital: Riga
Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Lithuania
Local name: Lietuva
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 65,286 km²
Capital: Vilnius
Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1905
Official: Kingdom of Norway
Local name: Norge
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 385,203 km²
Capital: Oslo
Territory of Norway
Local name: Svalbard og Jan Mayen
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 62,045 km²
Capital: Longyearbyen
Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1066
Official: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Local name: United Kingdom
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 243,610 km²
Capital: London
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1992
Local name: Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и Херцеговина
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 51,210 km²
Capital: Sarajevo
Parliamentary democracy (self-governing territory of the UK)
Local name: Gibraltar
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 6.8 km²
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1830
Official: Hellenic Republic
Local name: Ελλάδα / Elláda
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 131,960 km²
Capital: Athens
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1861
Official: Republic of Italy
Local name: Italia
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 301,340 km²
Capital: Rome
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1964
Official: Republic of Malta
Local name: Malta
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 320 km²
Capital: Valletta
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 2006
Local name: Црна Гора / Crna Gora / Mali i Zi
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 13,810 km²
Capital: Podgorica
Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1143
Official: Republic of Portugal
Local name: Portugal
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 92,226 km²
Capital: Lisbon
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 366
Official: Republic of San Marino
Local name: San Marino
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 61 km²
Capital: San Marino
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1878
Official: Republic of Serbia
Local name: Србија Srbija
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 88,360 km²
Capital: Belgrade
Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Slovenia
Local name: Slovenija
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 20,675 km²
Capital: Ljubljana
Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1492
Official: Kingdom of Spain
Local name: España
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 505,935 km²
Capital: Madrid
Absolute monarchy
Independent since 1929
Official: Vatican City State
Local name: Vaticanæ / Santa Sede / Città del Vaticano
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 0.4 km²
