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Europe consists of 52 countries with a total land area of ten million km² (four million square miles), representing 6.6% of the Earth’s habitable surface. Europe’s coastlines have a combined length of 112,483 km (69,909 miles). There are 733.57 million people living in Europe — that’s 9.3% of the world’s population — and they account for around 25% of global economic output.

Russia is also considered a European country here. Although only 23% of Russia’s territory is in Europe, 85% of all inhabitants live in European territory. Furthermore, Moscow is located west of the Ural Mountains, which form the border between Europe and Asia.

The European part of Turkey, on the other hand, is only inhabited by 12% of the country’s population and accounts for just 3% of the total area. The capital is geographically not in Europe, which is why Turkey is assigned to Western Asia.

Austria

Austria

Federal parliamentary republic
Independent since 1918
Official: Republic of Austria
Local name: Österreich
Region: Western Europe
Area: 83,879 km²
Capital: Vienna

Belgium

Belgium

Federal parliamentary republic (under constitutional monarchy)
Independent since 1830
Official: Kingdom of Belgium
Local name: België / Belgique
Region: Western Europe
Area: 30,530 km²
Capital: Brussels

France

France

Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 843
Official: Republic of France
Local name: France
Region: Western Europe
Area: 549,087 km²
Capital: Paris

Germany

Germany

Federal parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Federal Republic of Germany
Local name: Deutschland
Region: Western Europe
Area: 357,580 km²
Capital: Berlin

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein

Constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1806
Official: Principality of Liechtenstein
Local name: Liechtenstein
Region: Western Europe
Area: 161 km²
Capital: Vaduz

Luxembourg

Luxembourg

Constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1867
Official: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Local name: Luxembourg/Lëtzebuerg
Region: Western Europe
Area: 2,590 km²
Capital: Luxembourg

Netherlands

Netherlands

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1648
Official: Kingdom of the Netherlands
Local name: Nederland
Region: Western Europe
Area: 41,543 km²
Capital: Amsterdam

Principality of Monaco

Principality of Monaco

Constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1861
Local name: Monaco
Region: Western Europe
Area: 2.0 km²

Switzerland

Switzerland

Federal republic
Independent since 1499
Official: Swiss Confederation
Local name: Schweiz / Suisse / Svizzera / Svizra
Region: Western Europe
Area: 41,290 km²
Federal city: Bern

Belarus

Belarus

Presidential republic (in fact a dictatorship)
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Belarus
Local name: Беларусь
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 207,600 km²
Capital: Minsk

Bulgaria

Bulgaria

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1908
Official: Republic of Bulgaria
Local name: България
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 111,000 km²
Capital: Sofia

Czechia

Czechia

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1993
Official: Czech Republic
Local name: Česko, Česká republika
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 78,870 km²
Capital: Prague

Hungary

Hungary

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1918
Local name: Magyarország
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 93,030 km²
Capital: Budapest

Moldova

Moldova

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Moldova
Local name: Moldova
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 33,850 km²
Capital: Chisinau

Poland

Poland

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1918
Official: Republic of Poland
Local name: Polska
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 312,680 km²
Capital: Warsaw

Romania

Romania

Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1878
Local name: România
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 238,400 km²
Capital: Bucharest

Russia

Russia

Federal republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Russian Federation
Local name: Россия / Rossija
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 17,098,250 km²
Capital: Moscow

Slovakia

Slovakia

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1993
Official: Slovak Republic
Local name: Slovensko
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 49,030 km²
Capital: Bratislava

Ukraine

Ukraine

Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Local name: Ukrajina / Україна
Region: Eastern Europe
Area: 603,550 km²
Capital: Kyiv

Åland Islands

Åland Islands

Autonomous region of Finland
Local name: Ahvenanmaa
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 1,580 km²
Capital: Mariehamn

Denmark

Denmark

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 800
Official: Kingdom of Denmark
Local name: Danmark
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 42,920 km²
Capital: Copenhagen

Estonia

Estonia

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Estonia
Local name: Eesti
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 45,340 km²
Capital: Tallinn

Faroe Islands

Faroe Islands

Parliamentary democracy (territory of the Kingdom of Denmark)
Local name: Føroyar / Færøerne
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 1,396 km²
Capital: Tórshavn

Finland

Finland

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1917
Official: Republic of Finland
Local name: Suomi
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 338,450 km²
Capital: Helsinki

Guernsey

Guernsey

Parliamentary democracy (autonomous Crown dependency of the UK)
Official:Bailiwick of Guernsey
Local name: Bailiwick of Guernsey
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 78 km²

Iceland

Iceland

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1944
Official: Republic of Iceland
Local name: Ísland
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 103,000 km²
Capital: Reykjavík

Ireland

Ireland

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1921
Local name: Éire / Airlann
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 70,280 km²
Capital: Dublin

Isle of Man

Isle of Man

Parliamentary democracy (autonomous Crown dependency of the UK)
Local name: Isle of Man / Mannin / Ellan Vannin 
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 572 km²
Capital: Douglas

Jersey

Jersey

Parliamentary democracy (autonomous Crown dependency of the UK)
Official: Bailiwick of Jersey
Local name: Bailiwick of Jersey
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 120 km²

Latvia

Latvia

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Latvia
Local name: Latvija
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 64,490 km²
Capital: Riga

Lithuania

Lithuania

Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Lithuania
Local name: Lietuva
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 65,286 km²
Capital: Vilnius

Norway

Norway

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1905
Official: Kingdom of Norway
Local name: Norge
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 385,203 km²
Capital: Oslo

Svalbard

Svalbard

Territory of Norway
Local name: Svalbard og Jan Mayen
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 62,045 km²
Capital: Longyearbyen

Sweden

Sweden

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 836
Official: Kingdom of Sweden
Local name: Sverige
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 447,430 km²
Capital: Stockholm

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1066
Official: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Local name: United Kingdom
Region: Northern Europe
Area: 243,610 km²
Capital: London

Albania

Albania

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1912
Official: Republic of Albania
Local name: Republika e Shqipërisë
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 28,750 km²
Capital: Tirana

Andorra

Andorra

Parliamentary democracy
Independent since 1278
Official: Principality of Andorra
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 470 km²
Capital: Andorra la Vella

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1992
Local name: Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и Херцеговина
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 51,210 km²
Capital: Sarajevo

Croatia

Croatia

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Croatia
Local name: Hrvatska
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 56,590 km²
Capital: Zagreb

Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Parliamentary democracy (self-governing territory of the UK)
Local name: Gibraltar
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 6.8 km²

Greece

Greece

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1830
Official: Hellenic Republic
Local name: Ελλάδα / Elláda
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 131,960 km²
Capital: Athens

Italy

Italy

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1861
Official: Republic of Italy
Local name: Italia
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 301,340 km²
Capital: Rome

Kosovo

Kosovo

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 2008
Official: Republic of Kosovo
Local name: Kosova
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 10,887 km²
Capital: Pristina

Malta

Malta

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1964
Official: Republic of Malta
Local name: Malta
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 320 km²
Capital: Valletta

Montenegro

Montenegro

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 2006
Local name: Црна Гора / Crna Gora / Mali i Zi
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 13,810 km²
Capital: Podgorica

North Macedonia

North Macedonia

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of North Macedonia
Local name: Северна Македонија / Maqedonisë së Veriut
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 25,710 km²
Capital: Skopje

Portugal

Portugal

Semi-presidential republic
Independent since 1143
Official: Republic of Portugal
Local name: Portugal
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 92,226 km²
Capital: Lisbon

San Marino

San Marino

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 366
Official: Republic of San Marino
Local name: San Marino
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 61 km²
Capital: San Marino

Serbia

Serbia

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1878
Official: Republic of Serbia
Local name: Србија Srbija
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 88,360 km²
Capital: Belgrade

Slovenia

Slovenia

Parliamentary republic
Independent since 1991
Official: Republic of Slovenia
Local name: Slovenija
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 20,675 km²
Capital: Ljubljana

Spain

Spain

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independent since 1492
Official: Kingdom of Spain
Local name: España
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 505,935 km²
Capital: Madrid

Vatican City

Vatican City

Absolute monarchy
Independent since 1929
Official: Vatican City State
Local name: Vaticanæ / Santa Sede / Città del Vaticano
Region: Southern Europe
Area: 0.4 km²

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